Factors affecting milking equipment

Milking equipment is one of the equipment of dairy farm. Used for milking milk. It is composed of two parts: a milking device and a vacuum device.

Milking equipment has two major categories: fixed and mobile. The fixed type is divided into 3 types: pail type, pipeline type and milking type. The pail milking device is a combination of a milking device and a portable milk bucket. The milk squeezed down is directly flowing into the milk drum, and is suitable for holding a cowshed. The pipe milking equipment sends the milk through the milk pipe to the milk, reducing the pollution and reducing the intensity of labor. It is suitable for the tethered cattle house of about 300 middle size dairy farms. Milking equipment is to milking cows into milking rooms along the prescribed path, and the milk is pushed into the milk through the pipe. The utilization rate of the equipment is high. There is also a feeding device in the milking room, which is suitable for 500 large dairy farms with large separated stalls. The milking device and vacuum device of the mobile milking equipment are installed on the trolley or removable milking table, and are suitable for milking in pasture.

The factors affecting the performance of milking equipment are vacuum, pulsation frequency and beat ratio. Pulsating frequency refers to milking times per milking of milking cups. Rapid pulsation can relax the sphincter of the breast and increase the speed of milk flowing out of the nipple, thus shortening the milking time. But when a massage cup is used in the milking cup, there will be a small amount of milk flowing back from the nipple chamber to the nipple, which will lead the disease into the breast and cause illness. Therefore, the pulsation frequency should not be too fast or too slow, and should be adapted to the pulse times of the heart of cows, 50~60 times per minute. The main factors that affect the frequency of the pulsation are the degree of vacuum. When the actual air level changes, milking speed, milking time, pulsation frequency and beat ratio will change. High vacuum, can increase the amount of milk residue in the breast, make the nipple hyperemia, cause breast disease; the vacuum is too low, the milking speed is slow, cause the milk cup to fall off. When the fluctuation is too large, it will cause instantaneous air countercurrent and bring the pathogen into the breast. Therefore, the vacuum degree required for milking is stable in the range of 43~53 kPa, and the fluctuation does not exceed 2.5 ~ 4 thousand PPA.